Pdf propagation and reflection of plane waves in a. On the total reflection of plane waves the quarterly. Echolocation waves can have frequencies of about 100,000 hz. Its name refers to the shape of a wave front constant phase surfaces, perpendicular to the direction of propagation of a propagating wave. At least some part of the incoming wave remains in the same medium. Incident wave strikes plane interface between different media, giving rise to a reflected wave and. Refraction and reflection of plane waves using huygenss. A plane wave has flat wave fronts and rays parallel to each other. As an example, waves are reflected from conducting surfaces giving rise to socalled standing waves. This process occurs for not only light waves but also for sound waves, infrared or radio waves. Ultrasound waves travel at a speed of sound c, given by c 1. Then, an incident crossplane shear wave will generate reflected and. Reflection and refraction of emwaves at portland state university.
Difference between reflection and refraction with comparison. This means it is always constructively and destructively interfering with itself. A nonhomogeneous system of four equations in reflection. The equations of elastic waves, quasistatic electric field, and constitutive relationships for the piezoelectric media are derived. It is required to assign the new medium to the box in which the wave propagates. Electromagnetic waves we begin with waves in a nonconducting uniform linear medium, so we are discussing solutions of maxwells equations without sources. Introduction when a plane wave traveling in one medium e. Plane electromagnetic waves and wave propagation 7. Pdf total internal reflection of evanescent plane waves. Wave vector surfaces, phase velocity surfaces, and ray velocity surfaces have been evaluated for electromagnetic waves traveling through. The wave reflection and transmission at the interface separating. If the light falls on a smooth and clear surface, the light rays reflect back at the same angles. A water wave is an example of a surface wave, which is a combination of transverse and longitudinal wave motions. In reality, plane electromagnetic waves frequently encounter obstacles along their voltage and current along open and shorted transmission lines.
An equation has been derived for the amplitude of the free surface displacement due to plane sh waves incident at any angle at the base of a layered crust. Reflection is the abrupt change in the direction of propagation of a wave that strikes the boundary between two different media. The speed of light in a medium depends upon the nature of medium. Suppose that the plane forms the boundary between two different dielectric media. Waves involving springsmasses, strings, and air molecules are things we can apply our intuition to. As we are assuming no timedependence of the properties of the medium, we will.
Reflection occurs when there is a bouncing off of a barrier. Reflection of plane wave at oblique incidence snells law. Reflection of thermoelastic waves from the insulated. Reflection of waves off parabolic barriers results in the convergence of the waves at a focal point. Spring 2016 reflection of plane waves objective measure the reflection coefficient of polarized plane waves and study.
Then the plane wave is expressed as this is a plane wave propagating in the direction with wavelength. Consider an incident plane wave that encounters a resilient boundary. The reflection phenomenon of plane wave propagation in an anisotropic solid has been studied by many researchers. For an electromagnetic wave incident from one medium to a second medium, total reflection takes place when a the angle of incidence is equal to the brewster angle with e field. The mathematical model of reflection of plane waves in a. Reflection of plane waves in generalized thermoelasticity. Poq is the ray normal to both incident and reflected wave fronts. The principal axis of the mirror is a straight line drawn through the center of curvature c and the midpoint of the mirror. Reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves in a non. Pdf reflection and transmission of plane waves at an interface of. The points presented below are substantial, so far as the difference between reflection and refraction is concerned.
Sep 14, 2012 this paper analyses reflection and refraction of plane waves at a perfect interface between two anisotropic piezoelectric media. Reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves in a. The reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves by a moving dielectric medium are investigated theoretically, and the reflection and transmission coefficients are determined. This reemitted light which is returned into the same medium from which it comes out is called reflection of light. The fresnel equations or fresnel coefficients describe the reflection and transmission of light or electromagnetic radiation in general when incident on an interface between different optical media. For incident transverse waves polarized in the plane of incidence results are given for four angles of incidence up to approximately 16 degrees. Part 3 reflection and transmission of ultrasonic waves. Carcione 2006a and sidler and carcione 2007 have proposed an inversion method to obtain the plane wave reflection coefficients from p wave seismograms, which can be used to calculate the properties of the shear wave velocity and quality factor. Reflection and transmission of plane waves springerlink.
To keep the discussion simple and within the context of plane waves, we will look at a number of simple interface conditions. Let us investigate what happens when an electromagnetic wave is incident on this boundary from medium 1. The work by huang 5 discussed the problem of reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves when the dielectric is moving in any arbitrary direction. Weve really done all of the hard work already in setting things up above and it wasnt too hard. The expressions for the phase velocity of quasip qp and quasisv qsv waves propagating in a plane containing the reinforcement direction are obtained as. The propagation of plane waves in fibrereinforced, anisotropic, elastic media is discussed. To fully develop the rules of reflection and refraction for electromagnetic waves, we must use the maxwell equations to tell us the specific relations. Chapter 22 reflection and refraction of plane waves. Introduction in the design of highpower electromagnetic radiators and the associated pulsed power, one often encounters the problem of transitioning electromagnetic waves between different media e. The acoustic pressure p must satisfy the threedimensional wave equation for a plane wave traveling in the zdirection thus reduces to an example solution is. State the laws of reflection and refraction, describe examples and apply the laws to simple examples involving plane boundaries. The reflection and refraction of transverse plane waves at an interface parallel to the. Chapter 6 reflection and transmission of plane waves.
Let medium 1, of refractive index, occupy the region, whilst medium 2, of refractive index, occupies the region. For fast pulses or hypoband cw high frequencies one is concerned about reflections at the interface between the two media. But well now switch gears and talk about electromagnetic waves. For normal incidence, the reflection and transmission coefficients. This situation may be described mathematically in terms of three propagating waves. The acoustic pressure amplitude at the boundary is equal to twice the pressure amplitude of the incident wave and it is maximum. Wave optics describes the connection between waves and rays of light. In a doubleslit experiment, as you decrease the space between the slits, the interference peaks decrease proportionally. Ripple tank demonstrations are commonly done in a physics class in order to discuss the principles underlying the reflection, refraction, and diffraction of waves. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10 download pdf. Reflection of plane waves in generalized thermoelasticity of. Reflection and transmission of plane waves at an interface.
Pdf study of reflection and transmission of plane waves at. Reflection of plane waves spring 2016 reflection of plane. Destructive interference occurs when two waves are offset by a phase of m, or half a wavelength. Pdf reflection of plane waves at the free surface of a.
Plane wave reflection and transmission medium 2 is a pec short circuit. We will also show that the incidence and reflection. This magnitude varies as we move in z and in t but is always uniform in the plane. Reflection of waves off straight barriers follows the law of reflection.
All of the secondary waves interfere with each other to produce the diffracted beam bragg provided a simple, intuitive approach to diffraction. The plane containing both the normal to the surface and the direction of. In the absence of free charge and current densities the maxwell equations are. Chapter maxwells equations and electromagnetic waves. Reflection and transmission of plane waves sciencedirect. This paper investigates the propagation and reflection of plane waves at the free or rigid boundary of a fibrereinforced perfectly conducting anisotropic linearly elastic semi infinite medium in presence of a constant magnetic field.
Reflection of a wave is the process by which the light wave strikes an object and bounces back. Report chapter 22 reflection and refraction of plane waves. Reflection and refraction of a plane wave at oblique incidence. Regard crystal as parallel planes of atoms separated by distance d assume specular reflection of xrays from any given plane. Various researchers studied the reflection and transmission problems at free surface, interfaces and in layered media 1 12. Reflection and transmission of electromagnetic wave at normal incidence are discussed in this lecture. Reflection and refraction of plane waves from plane ferrite. Reflection and transmission coefficients for plane waves in. For fast pulses or hypoband cw high frequencies one is concerned about reflections at the interface between the. The wave is partly transmitted into material 2 and partly reflected at an angle r called the reflection angle. Chapter 10 then discusses how such waves can be generated and received by antennas and antenna arrays. This follows from the relativity fact that energy is equivalent to mass.
Reflection of a plane wave using huygens principle as discussed earlier, when light is incident on the surface it is re emitted without any change in the frequency. The reflection of plane waves at free surface, interface and layers is important in estimating the correct arrival times of plane waves from the source. Often a solid dielectric is used to separate the two media. At large distances from the source, the wave fronts become less and less curved and approach the limiting case of a plane wave shown in b. The shift in the direction of the radio waves, when it enters medium with different density, is known as refraction. Engineering acousticsreflection and transmission of plane. Hirschberg eindhoven university of technology 28 nov 2019 this is an extended and revised edition of iwde 9206. Pdf ocean floor is usually covered with porous marine sediment. Reflection cofficient and transmission coefficient are also explained in this video. The plane containing both the normal to the surface and the direction of propagation of the incident. Plane waves reflection from a media interface normal incidence te oblique perfect incidence conductor 2 electromagnetic field theory by r. Full transmission, full reflection full transmission occurs when the two media have the same constitutive parameters no reflected wave 12 and tr i 0, 1t full reflection occurs when nikolova 2012 lecture 05. View reflection of plane waves from microecono 341 at arizona state university.
This paper focuses on the wave propagation at the oceanporous sediment interface with underlying solid substrate. The reflected wave is in phase with the incident wave. The various properties depend on the materials involved, the direction of propagation, and the polarization of the waves. Consider the figure given below which shows incident and reflected wave fronts when a plane wave fronts travels towards a plane reflecting surface. Reflection of plane wave at plane surfacehuyghens principle. There are some surfaces which have ability to send the light back in the same medium when light strikes it. Waves including sound and light can be reflected at the boundary between two different materials. According to wave theory of light, the light is a form of energy which travels through a medium in the form of transverse wave motion. The phenomena of refraction and refraction of light at a plane surface separating two media of different dielectric properties can be classified into two aspects. Kshetrimayum 3252014 lossless medium good conductor fig.
Pdf propagation of plane waves and their reflection at the. A solution based on the inhomogeneous wave theory is developed to address the inconsistency between the numbers of independent wave. Study of reflection and transmission of plane waves at thermoelasticdiffusive solidliquid interface. For example, keith and crampin 19 studied the reflection and refraction of seismic waves at a plane interface between two dissimilar anisotropic media. Furthermore, we have a plane wave, by which we mean that a surface of constant phase is a plane. So a ow of energy implies a ow of mass, which in turn implies nonzero momentum. Weve really done all of the hard work already in setting things up above and it.
Reflection and transmission of plane electromagnetic waves. For that purpose pick the box object from the project tree by clicking on it and in the data tab of property editor see fig. Reflection and transmission of electromagnetic wave at. Reflection of waves reflection and refraction aqa gcse. For incident transverse waves polarized normal to the plane of incidence the calculations were carried through for all angles of incidencein steps of 5 degrees up to total reflection. The reflection of plane waves from a thermally insulated stressfree surface of an elastic solid with thermodiffusion is also studied. Reflection and refraction of a plane wave at oblique incidence let us consider a plane wave that obliquely incidents at the boundary of two media that are characterized by their permittivity and permeability see figure 1. Refraction is the change in direction of waves that occurs when waves travel from one medium to another.
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